Students observe and compare the movement of a toy car on a flat surface and on an inclined ramp to distinguish between constant velocity and accelerated motion.

1. Part 1: Car on a Horizontal Plane
   1. Set up a ticker timer with tape connected to a toy car.
   2. Turn on the ticker timer and move the car at a constant speed.
   3. Measure the distances between the dots to find how far the car traveled over equal time intervals.
   4. Graph distance versus time to observe the car’s motion.
   5. Interpret the shape of the graph and discuss what it reveals about the car’s velocity.
   6. Create a velocity versus time graph to analyze how speed changes over time.
2. Part 2: Car on an Inclined Plane
   1. Set up a ramp and attach ticker tape to a car to record motion as it rolls down.
   2. Release the car from rest and collect the tape once it reaches the bottom.
   3. Measure the distances between the dots to find how far the car traveled over equal time intervals.
   4. Plot total distance against total time to produce a distance–time graph.
   5. Compare this graph with the horizontal track data to see how the ramp affects the car’s motion.

Speed using a Ticker Timer - Graham Johnson:

Ticker timer - what is it and how to use it in an experiment - Physics Rox by Ms Hoo:

📄 Car and Ramp Labs: Motion on horizontal and inclined planes - Data Classroom: https://about.dataclassroom.com/ready-to-teach/car-and-ramp-labs

• Use different ramp angles to observe how steeper inclines affect acceleration.
• Repeat using different types of surfaces (smooth vs. rough) to explore friction.
• Record the experiment using a slow-motion camera to better observe changes in motion.

• Ensure ramps and tracks are securely positioned and stable.
• Keep the area clear of obstacles to prevent tripping or equipment damage.
• Avoid releasing cars from excessive heights to prevent them from flying off the ramp.
• Supervise students closely, especially when measuring or timing near moving objects.

• What does the shape of the distance–time graph show about the car’s motion on flat versus inclined surfaces?
• How does the slope of the graph relate to the car’s speed?
• What type of motion does the car on the ramp have compared to the car on level ground?
• How do velocity versus time graphs help you identify acceleration?
• What factors could cause error in your measurements, and how might you reduce them in future trials?